Everyone knows the story of Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. It is the story of Bell's first words "Mr. Watson, come here, I see you" is indelibly on the brain since childhood. However, what some do not know is that the phone was developed in a similar way both by Elisha Gray, who lost the patent battle by only a few hours in 1876.
Bell was successful primarily because he understood not only electricity and the operation of the telegraph, but had a thorough knowledge of acoustics, which most inventors are all feelings. While focusing on the mechanics, are not taken into account the unique characteristics of the sound that made transmitting speech is much more complex than a simple click of the telegraph. When the background music and acoustics, Bell could address these problems more easily.
Coincidence plays the role of approval
The phone can not be gained wide acceptance if, by chance, the Centennial Exhibition had not been planned in Philadelphia for only a few months later. Located on a small table in a dark corner, Bell did not expect to gather much attention until he drew the attention of Emperor Dom Pedro de Alcantara of Brazil, who was caught by the invention. Immediately, all these scientists are required to study the new invention.
At first telephones were seen as a fad that were for entertainment purposes than commerce, until newspapers and banks began grudgingly using them to convey information quickly by virtue of free phone systems. Advertising, this made them immediately popular and soon phone exchanges were set up in many major cities.
In 1880, the metallic circuits were developed that allowed for long distance calls, which grew in popularity slowly because of costs. Later in 1890 it was conquered by the development of the party line so that families, especially in rural areas can share the cost of a line.
Direct dial telephone operator, to win the interference
By the year 1891, calls came through the exchange of players, but this was superseded by the Kansas City man who invented the telephone, because he was paranoid to think that operators are sent to his business calls to competitors . It 'was the undertaker.
In 1927, the first transatlantic call was made on the airwaves. During both World War II, progress telephone has grown by leaps and bounds because of heavy loads at the Ministry of Defence. The innovations resulting from wartime experiments included Bell Telephone first cellular system, which is associated with moving vehicles to landlines via radio. Surprisingly, this was 1946, the year also saw the development of coaxial transmission improvements are less significant interference.
In the 1960's, telephones were so much a part of the landscape that Bell Telephone could no longer using alphanumeric codes for telephone exchanges (remember using numbers like Normandy-7610?) And go over all the digital numbers. At the same time, transatlantic cables were established to meet the growing demand for intercontinental telephone communication.
One of the biggest changes in the history of the telephone was the launch of the satellite phone for the first time in July 1962. Telstar is a joint venture between Bell and NASA and revolutionized telephone communications like nothing that had come before. Satellites in geostationary orbit could now be used for long distance calls without the need for laying endless lines of cable and eliminates the problem of damage to cables and frequent repairs.
Fiber optics move sound at the speed of light
Fiber optic cables were initially used the phone to transfer in 1977, when both GTE and AT & T, provided fiber optic lines in Chicago and Boston. In the mid 1980's, fiber optic cable was the preferred method of telephone transmission, since it could make a much larger number is much less interference. Since it also carries information faster and farther and lasts for lightning, the benefits soon became clear, the computer and other industries as well.
When the United States government deregulated telephone service from AT & T, the telephone communications giant, was immediately inundated with competition from MCI, Sprint and hundreds of small local companies and soon fiber optic lines have been snaking In throughout the country, naturally fall along the right side, such as gas pipelines and railways. telephone costs and a revolution has reduced the telephone service began again.
Mobile phones take the next step
In 1973, Dr. Martin Cooper, Motorola Corporation made what was probably the first portable cellular phone to call the phone called the Dyna-Tac. After a successful test, he took to New York to introduce the technology to the public. In 1977, the phone had gone public, but these first models were cumbersome and generally used for those who had been staying with two-way radio. It was not in their opinion, something that everyone should have or even want. They were initially considered a replacement for the existing mobile phones. The difference with cellular was the use of small "cells" of different services and to increase the capacity of call processing, dramatically able to make calls from their mobile phone at a time in one area.
The first cellular services used analog technology operating at 800 megahertz, a continuous wave. Over time there is a need for power and an increase in calls from the industry standard moved to a more reliable 1850 MHz with PCS. In 1988, the Cellular Technology Industry Association was formed to develop guidelines for the cellular service providers and steer developments and improvements in the mobile phone industry. There are now over 60 million mobile customers, an impressive number for a service that has been commercially available for only 30 years.
Next stop, digital!
Although the majority of users still have analog cell phones, the new frontier is definitely digital. Instead of using a continuous wave transmission, digital chops up the wave of bytes of secret data and sends a "pulse" of data. Up to half of this is that digital signals are generally safe when information than analog. It 's also a more efficient use of bandwidth and provides clearer, cleaner sound quality. If you send video clips or photos (like a new video or picture cell phones) digital is much faster, and the choice hands down, when you integrate mobile and the Internet.
There is an opposition, but in that digital currently transmits through three different technologies. This can lead to problems with coverage. If you are on a TDMA (Time-Division Multiple Access) system and traveling in an area that has digital coverage CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access), may encounter problems.
The answer for now is a technology-analog-digital combination touting the sellers. This provides great coverage if necessary analog and high-speed and quality of PCS / digital.
Phone consultations arrives
The first real "sound" could be regarded as having been the party lines set up back in the early years of phone use, then the advantages of a political line for multiple users, but not understood as a form to save money. Indeed, the fact that several people in different places can look and say the line at the same time, it was considered a nuisance and is actively discouraged as "music."
Once the parties have been eliminated, the idea of multiple conversations were forgotten until businesses began seeking ways to conduct meetings by phone to save costs and travel teams to connect more remote. The concept was taken up with new parameters, this time to put restrictions in place, and lines had to be opened only when needed and desired.
Soon companies offering worldwide to coordinate the call for companies based on either flat rates, monthly fees or based on call volume, with a trained operator to establish connections between each participant on a dedicated line, so that groups of up to ten could talk simultaneously. Their rate of bulk long distance enabled them to pass the savings to their customers.
Phone manufacturers like Polycom, AT & T and Panasonic also jumped on the train, the development of systems office phone that allowed users to call a client, put them on hold, then call a third and connect the three callers into the conversation.
Internet soon brought competition, however, the cost of audio conferencing and long distance phone calls. Although less than under the highest bid and those of the group, Internet telephony is gaining ground on traditional telephone audio conference, because it is much cheaper.
Death VoIP, Internet, and at the end of the conference call traditional
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) soon became popular for telephone communications because it avoids toll-free telephone connection standard. Dial-up internet connections provided near toll-quality voice communications, with broadband connections increased data throughput enabled businesses to use VoIP in conjunction with other Internet services such as data sharing and videoconferencing. With the money saved using VoIP, it seems obvious that using analog phone lines for telephone conferencing will soon be a thing of the past.
Most VoIP audio conferencing technologies give you the opportunity to network multiple groups or parties from different geographical areas, making it easier to keep the international meeting Taff sale. Web conferencing solutions using VoIP from companies such as VoxWare, TTCGlobalTalk VoiceCafe and can provide almost unlimited conference room meeting restricted to the bandwidth of a VoIP server.
Given that the Internet should be standard for each set of office equipment, analog telephone services, audio conferencing and their equipment will become obsolete soon. audio conferencing over the Internet is increasingly VoIP based web conferencing services offering powerful collaborative services that go beyond simple voice communication easy. How to make calls, digital phone services like Vonage and Packet8 that implement VoIP over broadband connections to intervene to provide economic alternatives to the most comprehensive to meet the demand of individuals and companies who are in the future.
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